Is Singapore Safe from Flooding?
Singapore experiences frequent flooding events. The country primarily experiences flash floods that recede within a few hours.
Is there anything being done to prevent this from happening?
This article will address this question and rain more information about flooding in the nation!
Is Singapore prone to flood?
— From luke_melchi
Singapore is prone to floods. While it mainly faces flash floods that subside in less than a day, the city-state’s geographical location, urbanisation, and climatic factors contribute to its vulnerability to flooding.
We’re lucky enough that Singapore has natural disasters so rarely because there are no active volcanoes or the threat of tsunamis. But floods have and can happen here at any time.
Efforts are being made to manage and mitigate flood risks, but the potential for flooding remains a concern.
Why is Singapore at risk of flooding?
Singapore is at risk of flooding due to several factors. The biggest ones have to do with geographical limitations and the uncertain impacts of climate change, but other issues also contribute to the floods.
1. Geographical Location
— From swetlinasatpathy
Singapore is a low-lying island nation, with a significant portion of its land situated close to sea level. This geographical characteristic makes it more susceptible to flooding, especially during heavy rainfall or when the sea level rises.
2. Urbanisation and Land Reclamation
— From sgshipspotting
The rapid pace of urban development and land reclamation projects have led to increased water-resistant surfaces, such as concrete and asphalt, which prevent natural drainage.
As a result, rainwater cannot be absorbed into the ground, leading to surface runoff and potential flooding.
3. Intense Rainfall
— From singapore.explores
Does it rain a lot in Singapore? Yes, it does, with an average of 167 days of rain per year.
Singapore also experiences heavy and intense rainfall, especially during the monsoon seasons. Singapore experiences two monsoon seasons: the Northeast and Southwest monsoons.
The Northeast Monsoon, from December to early March, brings heavy rains and strong winds. During this season, afternoon to early evening showers are common in the wet phase, while the dry phase is typically windy with minimal rainfall.
When rainfall exceeds the capacity of drainage systems, flash floods can occur.
4. Drainage Systems
— From joandwen
Despite having an extensive network of drainage canals and reservoirs, there are limitations to handling sudden and intense rainfall events, particularly in densely populated areas.
5. Climate Change and Rising Sea Levels
— From singapore_fieldtrip
As global temperatures rise, climate change can amplify the intensity and frequency of rainfall events, increasing flood risks. Additionally, rising sea levels can worsen coastal flooding in low-lying areas.
6. Changes in Land Use
— From cfusion2k
The alteration of natural landscapes for construction and development can disrupt the natural flow of water, causing water to accumulate in unexpected areas.
With much of the land covered by concrete and urban infrastructure, rainwater cannot be effectively absorbed into the ground. Instead, it quickly runs off into drainage systems or canals, which may become overwhelmed during intense rain.
7. Limited Catchment Areas
— From yffar_photos
Singapore’s small land area restricts the availability of large catchment areas to retain excess water during heavy rains.
As an urbanised and densely populated city-state, Singapore has limited space for natural water catchments, such as rivers and lakes, to retain excess rainwater during heavy rainfall events.
Which parts of Singapore are prone to flooding?
— From emma_hamzah
Singapore, despite its efforts in flood management, still has certain areas that are prone to flooding. Some areas are particularly vulnerable due to their low-lying terrain, inadequate drainage, and susceptibility to intense rainfall.
Commonwealth and Queenstown
The low-lying stretch from Commonwealth to Queenstown is prone to ponding and was severely affected by the 2021 April floods, especially Commonwealth Avenue, Commonwealth Drive, and Queensway.
Pasir Panjang
Pasir Panjang, despite being close to the coast, lacks sufficient outlets for water runoff into the sea. Streets like Pasir Panjang Road, Neo Pee Teck Lane, and Jalan Mat Jambol are especially vulnerable to flooding.
Tiong Bahru and River Valley
River Valley, as the name implies, is a low-lying area surrounded by higher elevations like Fort Canning Hill. The presence of the Singapore River, extending from Marina Bay to the Alexandra Canal, can lead to flooding when it overflows.
Flood-prone streets in the area include Delta Road, River Valley Road, Delta Avenue, Lower Delta Road, Alexandra Road, Jervois Road, Bishopsgate Road, Indus Road, and Zion Road.
Bukit Timah
The eastern side of the Bukit Timah area, near Stevens Road and Balmoral Road, is highly susceptible to flooding due to undulating terrain that promotes ponding in lower spots.
However, the Upper Bukit Timah area on the western end of Bukit Timah Road is now less flood-prone after drainage works were completed by the PUB in 2019.
Farrer Park and Jalan Besar
Farrer Park, Thomson Road and Derbyshire Road, Farrer Park Field, and Jalan Besar are flood-prone due to their low-lying profiles and inadequate drainage. The Rochor Canal, the area’s main waterway, is also susceptible to flooding.
However, there are plans to build an underground tank to enhance drainage and potentially reduce flooding risks in the coming years.
Historic Singapore Flooding
— From 8dayssg
While most floods in Singapore cause minor inconveniences, the city-state has also endured severe floods that led to significant devastation, loss of life, and property damage through the years.
Serious Floods in the 1950s
In 1954, Singapore experienced severe floods in two instances. On February 27, heavy rain, approximately 3 inches (76 mm), inundated areas like Rochore, Thomson Road, Balestier Road, Orchard Road, and Farrer Park.
The flood waters reached depths of 2 to 4 feet (0.6 and 1.2 m) in some places, affecting numerous homes and stranding cars on roads.
— From khaymun
In another event on June 17, a severe five-hour storm caused flooding once more. The runway at Kallang Airport was flooded, leading to plane diversions to Changi.
Orchard Road was flooded again, this time with 18 inches (458 mm) of water.
Additionally, from October to December of the same year, intense rainfall caused critical flooding in various regions, such as Bedok, Potong Pasir, Braddell Road, Lorong Tai Seng, and Geylang Serai.
River Valley Road and the town area, including Robinson Road, Cecil Street, and Anson Road, were also affected. The floods impacted over 10,000 people, leaving almost 5,000 homeless.
Destructive Flooding During the 1960s
On December 10, 1969, during Hari Raya Puasa, Singapore faced its most severe floods in 35 years. Heavy rain flooded many parts of the island, with water reaching waist-high levels in some areas.
The floods led to helicopter evacuations of people stranded in trees and on rooftops. Road and rail links with Malaysia were cut off, flights were delayed, and telephone and electricity networks were disrupted.
— From jettingofftosomewhere
Tragically, the floods resulted in five fatalities, including a woman and her son whose house was crushed by a landslide.
Additionally, a man was killed by a falling tree, and an elderly woman drowned. Numerous farmers lost their livestock to the roiling waters.
Major Floods in the 1970s
In 1978, Singapore experienced two significant floods. The first flood struck on November 10 and 11, following thunderstorms with winds up to 23 knots.
This led to fallen trees, flooded houses, and two fatalities. The Paya Lebar meteorological station recorded approximately 75 mm of rainfall, which caused traffic jams and disrupted bus services.
— From ___3dindahouze__zz___
Shortly after, on December 2 and 3, early torrential monsoon rains brought severe floods. An extraordinary 512 mm of rain fell within 24 hours, causing massive turmoil throughout the country.
This rainfall was considered unprecedented, accounting for nearly a quarter of the city’s annual average rainfall.
Multiple Floods During the 1980s
Major floods hit Singapore in 1980, 1984, and 1985. In January 1980, continuous rain submerged parts of the city under 1.3 meters of water.
On 6th May of the same year, floods affected thousands of workers and schoolchildren as waters rose in many areas, with Orchard Road being severely hit with a water level rise of 60 cm.
— From granny_skylover
In 1984, heavy rains in March, May, and September led to flooding across Singapore, causing massive traffic jams and disrupting people’s daily commute to work and school.
The National University of Singapore (NUS) examination on 3rd March was delayed by an hour to accommodate students’ travel difficulties.
There were a total of 10 floods reported between February 2 and May 27, 1984.
Flash Floods in the 2000s
Floods made headlines again on November 19, 2009, when the Bukit Timah Canal overflowed due to a heavy downpour with approximately 110 mm of rainfall. The floodwaters reached knee level, resulting in significant traffic congestion.
On June 16, 2010, morning rainstorms led to flash floods in the area, inundating the basements of several buildings, including Lucky Plaza, Liat Towers, Tong Building, and Delfi Orchard.
— From rochelle_jjiangjjiang
The National Environment Agency (NEA) reported more than 100 mm of rain within a two-hour period of intense rain, while the Public Utilities Board (PUB) attributed the floods to a blocked culvert.
On December 23, 2011, Orchard Road experienced severe flooding due to torrential rain.
Within three hours, 152.8 mm of rain fell over the area, causing wheel-high waters that submerged cars and flooded some shops, including a Starbucks outlet in Liat Towers.
How does Singapore deal with floods?
— From pubsingapore
Flood Monitoring and Early Warning Systems
The country has advanced flood monitoring systems that track rainfall intensity and water levels in real-time. Early warning systems alert authorities and residents about potential flood risks, enabling timely responses and evacuation measures if necessary.
Better Water Retention Facilities
To manage peak rainfall events, Singapore employs water retention and detention facilities such as detention ponds and underground storage tanks.
These structures temporarily store excess rainwater, gradually releasing it into the drainage system to prevent overwhelming floodwaters.
Flood Barriers and Pumps
Critical infrastructure and strategic locations are equipped with flood barriers and pumps to prevent water ingress during high tides or storm surges.
More Green Infrastructure
Singapore incorporates green spaces, rooftop gardens, and permeable surfaces into urban planning to enhance natural water absorption and reduce surface runoff.
Stronger Coastal Protection
To mitigate coastal flooding, Singapore invests in coastal protection measures, such as seawalls and embankments, to shield vulnerable areas from rising sea levels and storm surges.
Improved Urban Planning and Building Regulations
The city’s urban planning and building regulations prioritise flood-resilient designs and construction practices. New developments are required to adhere to flood-resilient standards, ensuring that they do not exacerbate flooding risks.
Public Awareness and Community Engagement
The government conducts public awareness campaigns to educate residents about flood preparedness and safety measures. Community involvement in flood response and preparedness is encouraged.
Adaptation to Climate Change
Singapore considers climate change projections in its flood management strategies, adopting adaptive measures to cope with anticipated changes in rainfall patterns and sea level rise.
How can we prevent floods in Singapore?
— From pubsingapore
Ordinary citizens like us can play a crucial role in preventing floods in Singapore by adopting some responsible practices to create a more flood-resilient city for everyone.
Practising Proper Waste Disposal
Dispose of waste, especially plastics and other non-biodegradable materials, responsibly to prevent clogging of drains and waterways. Avoid littering, as it can contribute to the blockage of drainage systems.
Avoiding Illegal Dumping
Do not dispose of hazardous waste or large items like furniture or appliances into drains or canals. Report any instances of illegal dumping to the relevant authorities.
Harvesting Rainwater
Consider implementing rainwater harvesting systems at home to collect rainwater for non-potable purposes. This reduces the burden on drainage systems during heavy rainfall.
Maintaining Drains and Gutters
Keep drains, gutters, and downspouts clear of debris and leaves. Have a reliable plumber regularly check and clear blockages to ensure effective water flow.
Doing Water Conservation
Practice water conservation at home by fixing leaks, using water-saving appliances, and being mindful of water usage.
Not Blocking Waterways
Do not obstruct waterways, canals, or streams with structures, fences, or other obstructions that could hinder the natural flow of water.
Participating in Community Efforts
Join local community initiatives or volunteer groups that focus on flood prevention and environmental conservation. Participate in activities such as river clean-ups to improve waterway conditions.
Supporting Green Initiatives
— From zerowastesingapore
Encourage and support green infrastructure projects that promote sustainable water management and improve natural drainage. Here are a few environmental sustainability actions you can consider:
Water Management
Singapore is renowned for its water management strategies, including NEWater, high-grade reclaimed water, and the Marina Barrage, which acts as both a freshwater reservoir and a flood control measure.
Zero Waste Masterplan
Singapore has launched a Zero Waste Masterplan to reduce waste and increase recycling rates. The plan includes measures to encourage waste reduction, recycling, and sustainable waste management practices.
Climate Action Plan
The Singapore government has developed a Climate Action Plan to address climate change, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance climate resilience in the country.
Urban Greening
The city actively promotes urban greening initiatives, such as the “City in a Garden” concept, which aims to integrate greenery into the urban landscape, creating a more sustainable and resilient city.
If you’ve been sitting on that urban gardening plan, it’s high time to start it!